Overview of systematic reviews of Chinese herbal injections for sepsis / 中国中药杂志

In this study, an overview of systematic reviews/Meta-analysis(SR/MA) of Chinese herbal injections for sepsis was performed to provide references for clinical practice and promote the quality improvement of clinical evidence. Eight Chinese and English databases such as CNKI, Medline, and EMbase were electronically searched for SR/MA of Chinese herbal injections for sepsis from database inception to June 2022. AMSTAR 2, PRISMA 2020, and GRADE system, combined with Recommendations for Clinical Evidence Grading on Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Evidence Body, were applied to evaluate the methodological quality, reporting quality, and evidence quality of the included articles. Twenty-seven articles of SR/MA were included, containing four Chinese herbal injections(Xuebijing Injection, Shenfu Injection, Shenmai Injection, and Shengmai Injection). AMSTAR 2 checklist showed that the methodological quality of the SR/MA ranged from moderate to very low. Item 2(prior study design) was the critical item with poor scores, and the non-critical items with poor scores were items 3(explain the selection of the study designs), items 10(report on the sources of funding), and items 16(conflicts of interest stated). In terms of PRISMA 2020, items in eight topics with complete reporting of missing>50%, including search strategy, certainty assessment, results of syntheses, certainty of evidence, registration and protocol, support, competing interests, availability of data, code and other materials. The included SR/MA involved 30 outcome indicators. Evidence quality of mortality, APACHE Ⅱ, and safety, the top three outcome indicators, was evaluated, and all of them were graded as the medium level. The lack of random allocation sequence, allocation concealment mechanism, blinding, and trial sample size was the main reason for the reduction of the evidence level. The available evidence shows that Chinese herbal injections can serve as an effective and safe adjunctive treatment for sepsis, which can reduce mortality, inhibit inflammation, improve coagulation function, and regulate immune function, tissue perfusion, and oxygenation in patients with sepsis. However, the quality of SR/MA was suboptimal, and more high-quality SR/MA is needed to provide evidence to support the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal injections in the treatment of sepsis.

Analysis of 53 cases of transjugular liver biopsy / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To investigate the practicability and safety of transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB). Methods: Data of 53 cases with transjugular liver biopsy from June 2015 to June 2020 were collected. LABS-100 was used in all patients who underwent transjugular liver biopsy. Among them, 45 cases and eight were biopsied via hepatic vein and intrahepatic segment of the inferior vena cava. The surgical indications, related complications, and postoperative pathological diagnosis were analyzed and summarized. Results: TJLB was successful in all patients, with an average of 2.8 punctures per case. Satisfactory liver tissue and histopathological diagnosis was obtained in all patients. Two cases developed a cervical hematoma that was improved spontaneously, and one patient developed an intrahepatic hematoma that was improved after conservative treatment. Conclusion: TJLB is a practical and safe method for patients with contraindications to percutaneous liver biopsy.

Research Progress on Application of Sports Beverage to Post-exercise Fluid Restoration / 中国医学科学院学报

A good hydration status is important to the exercise performance and cognitive function of exercisers.The effective restoration of fluid balance after exercise is helpful to prevent dehydration,maintain body fluid balance,accelerate fatigue recovery,and enhance exercise performance.As the most effective sports nutrition supplement,sports beverage has different ingredients and formulas,and also has various effects.To provide clues for the development of sports beverage,this article reviews the types,components,effects,and mechanisms of sports beverage currently used in post-exercise fluid restoration.

Effect of the Seasonal Adaptability on Carbohydrate-electrolyte Beverage Efforts on Post-exercise Rehydration in Healthy Young Men / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To compare the effects of carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage on post-exercise rehydration of healthy young men in different seasons,and to explore the influence of seasonal adaptability on fluid and electrolyte balance.Methods Fifteen healthy men,aged(24.4±0.5)years,completed 2 trails in a random crossover design both in summer and winter.During recovery,they consumed a drink volume equivalent to 100% of their sweat loss with plain boiled water(the water group)or carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage(the beverage group).Recovery was monitored for further 180 minutes by the collection of blood and urine samples.Results The dehydration time in summer was significantly shorter by about 20 minutes than that in winter(

Measurement and evaluation of the quadriceps muscle mass in young men based on magnetic resonance imaging / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the correlation between the quadriceps cross-sectional area (CSA) and quadriceps muscle volume (QMV) at different horizontal levels from the upper edge of the patella, and to determine the best observation position.@*METHODS@#Thigh magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images of 22 Chinese young men [age: (29±6) years] with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture were examined. The CSA was measured at 18, 15, and 12 cm above the upper edge of the pate-lla (denoted by CSA-18, CSA-15 and CSA-12 respectively), and the QMV and CSA were determined by semiautomatic segmentation. A curve model was established to estimate QMV. Bland-Altman analysis was performed to determine the confidence limits of the volumes.@*RESULTS@#On the unaffected side, the mean QMV was (1 944.45±323.77) cm3. The quadriceps CSA at the upper edge of the patella at 18, 15, and 12 cm was (80.80±12.16) cm2, (77.53±12.03) cm2, and (72.68±10.51) cm2, respectively. The coefficients of determination (R2), ascertained using curve estimation models, for the 3 positions were 0.819, 0.755, and 0.684 (P < 0.001), and the standard deviations of the volume estimated value (SEE) were 7.4%, 8.7%, and 9.8%. The fitting equations of the three horizontal positions were all good, but the fitting degree of CSA-18 was the highest. The Bland-Altman scatter plot showed that the arithmetic means of the QMV at 18, 15 and 12 cm from the upper edge of the patella 0.8 cm3, -1.1 cm3, and 0.9 cm3 and 95% limits of agreement (LoA) were (-268.8, 270.5), (-315.2, 313.1), and (-355.7, 357.5), respectively. The estimated QMV was in good agreement with the measured value. The difference between the estimated CSA-18 and measured values was the smallest. The results on the affected side were consistent.@*CONCLUSION@#The correlation between QMV and CSA in the young men with the upper edge of patella as baseline was reliable and consistent. Among them, CSA-18 had the highest correlation with the QMV. However, different observation sites could be selected for different injuries of the quadriceps.

Antibacterial effect of Nd:YAG laser on Fusobacterium nucleatum / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective: To investigate the antibacterial effect of Nd:YAG laser on Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in vitro. Methods: The laser effect on the biofilm formation ability of planktonic F. nucleatum were observed by crystal violet test; confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to detect the effect on the bacteria viability of mature biofilm; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to investigate the effect on the morphology of mature bioflm. Results: After 15 s radiation the biofilm formation ability of F. nucleatum went down. The viability of F. nucleatum in mature biofilm went down under 35 s iradiation. The deformation of mature biofilm and bacterium became distincted with the iradiation time raised. Conclusion: Nd:YAG laser shows the inhibition of biofilm formation ability on planktonic F. nucleatum. The vitality of F. nucleatum in mature biofilm is depressed after laser radiation. Laser can destroy the construction of the mature biofilm and bacteria.

Antibacterial effect of Nd:YAG laser on Fusobacterium nucleatum / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective·To investigate the antibacterial effect of Nd:YAG laser on Fusobacterium nucleatum(F.nucleatum)in vitro. Methods·The laser effect on the biofilm formation ability of planktonic F.nucleatum were observed by crystal violet test;confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM) was used to detect the effect on the bacteria viability of mature biofilm; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to investigate the effect on the morphology of mature bioflm. Results·After 15 s radiation the biofilm formation ability of F.nucleatum went down.The viability of F.nucleatum in mature biofilm went down under 35 s iradiation. The deformation of mature biofilm and bacterium became distincted with the iradiation time raised. Conclusion·Nd:YAG laser shows the inhibition of biofilm formation ability on planktonic F.nucleatum.The vitality of F.nucleatum in mature biofilm is depressed after laser radiation. Laser can destroy the construction of the mature biofilm and bacteria.

Management of chronic kidney disease in China calls for the implementation of expert patient program with traditional Chinese medical interventions / 中国结合医学杂志

Chronic kidney disease was closely related with unhealthy lifestyle; therefore a strategy focused both on daily life and medical process, like the Expert Patients Program, was of great value in the prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease. In China, however, obstacles still existed in the process of implementing the program. Adding traditional Chinese medical interventions to the program assisted both patients and physicians to understand and to accept this new trend in management of chronic disease better. The combination with traditional Chinese medical interventions showed a solution for successfully implementing the Expert Patients Program and provided a new strategy for prevention and control of chronic kidney disease.

Advances in parallel artificial membrane permeability assay and its applications / 药学学报

With the development of drug discovery, more and more candidate compounds need to be studied. Methods that can screen compound rapidly received significant attention. Parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) as a powerful tool has been applied to drug studies. It uses an artificial lipid membrane to mimic the barrier for drug permeability studies. This article introduces the establishment and characteristics of PAMPA, as well as its applications in screening compounds. It can be used as models (e.g. predicting the ability of compound in gastro-intestinal absorption, blood-brain barrier transportation and skin penetration) by changing the component of artificial lipid membrane. PAMPA has advantages in high throughput selection of valuable compound with low cost, versatile, low dose, and good reproducibility.

Analysis of Chinese medicine syndrome types in 156 patients undergoing maintenance peritoneal dialysis / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the Chinese medicine syndrome types of patients undergoing maintenance peritoneal dialysis to provide some clinical reference for the treatment based on syndromes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the criterion made by the Nephropathy Branch of China Association of Chinese Medicine in 2006, the syndrome type of 156 patients were differentiated, and the related laboratory parameters, including serum albumin (ALB), C-reactive protein (CRP), hemoglobin (HB), total urea clearance rate (KT/Vt), residual kidney urea clearance (KT/Vr), blood flow mediated vascular endothelial dilatation (FMD) and volume overload (OH) were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Syndrome type presented in patients was different. Along with the progress of dialysis, it changed in the root syndromes from qi-deficiency to yang-deficiency and further to both yin-yang deficiency, while in the superficial syndromes it turned from turbid-damp to blood-stasis. ALB in patients with Pi-shen yang-deficiency type and both yin-yang deficiency type was significantly lower than that in patients with Pi-Shen qi-deficiency type and both qi-yin deficiency type (P < 0.05); KT/Vt in both yin-yang deficiency type was the lowest, significantly lower than that in Gan-Shen yin-deficiency type and both qi-yin deficiency (P < 0.05); OH in Pi-Shen yang-deficiency type and both yin-yang deficiency type was significantly higher than that in other types (P < 0.01). Comparison of patients' age showed that group of patients without superficial syndrome was the youngest and the group of patients with damp-heat syndrome type was the oldest (P < 0.01). CRP in damp-heat type was significantly higher than that in other types (P < 0.05); FMD was lower in blood-stasis type than in turbid-damp type and toxic heat type (P < 0.01); and OH was significantly higher in turbid-damp type than in other types (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Some rules of syndrome type distribution could be seen in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis, which is related with some laboratory parameters to a certain extent, so may provide a few references for clinical treatment based on syndrome type.</p>

Biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells in human umbilical cord blood and their supporting capacities in ex vivo expansion of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from umbilical cord blood (UCB) and their supporting capacities in ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Low-density mononuclear cells (MNCs) from UCB were cultured in IMDM containing 20% FBS to form confluent adherent cells through 15 passages. Some cytokines in the conditioned medium were determined with ELISA. UCB-derived adherent cells were displayed with antibodies and analyzed with flow cytometry. The supporting capacity of UCB-derived adherent cells for ex vivo expansion of CD34(+) cells was assayed by co-culture in a two step culture. UCB-derived adherent cells were induced for chondrogenic differentiation with chondrogenic medium, and the induced cells were analyzed for the type II pro-collagen gene expression with RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean number of adherent fibroblast like colonies derived from UCB was (3.5 +/- 0.7)/10(6) MNCs. UCB-derived MSCs could survive for at least 15 passages of expansion. In their undifferentiated status, UCB-derived MSCs were CD13(+), CD29(+), CD90(+), CD105(+), CD166(+), SH2(+), SH3(+), SH4(+), CD45(-), CD34(-), and CD14(-). Stem cell factor (SCF), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) could be detected in the supernatant of the cultures. The MSCs cultured in chondrogenic media could differentiate into chondrogenic cells and express type II pro-collagen mRNA. UCB-derived MSCs could support the proliferation and differentiation of UCB CD34(+) cells in vitro.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>UCB-derived MSCs are similar to those derived from adult bone marrow and can support the proliferation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells.</p>